Storytelling as a Pedagogical Tool
Summary of Daniel Pink's "Story"
as one of the "Six Senses" as presented in A Whole New Mind
Pink describes story as “context
enriched by emotion.” Traditionally, it is through story that important,
meaningful information has been passed down through the generations. Factual information, so readily available to
us through electronic media, lacks the "emotional impact" of stories.
Emotion is the critical element that makes information relevant and memorable.
For Pink, storytelling is an art
modality that demands interpretation and relies on both creative and critical
thought processes. As human beings, we author our lives by assembling artifacts
of our past, and creating narratives that reveal our world and our true selves.
That is, we live our stories. Our
stories reflect our years – the difficult storms and the peaceful joys.
Therefore, sharing our stories adds more depth to life, gives more meaning to
our relationships, and provides more context in our work. Listening to each
other's stories helps us to show empathy, better connect to one another, and
better understand complex thought. Storytelling is universal and
multi-cultural, involving a process of give and take. Stories can reveal
personal power as well as personal identity.
Remembering a story, then, is more powerful than recalling
facts.
Storytelling as a Pedagogical
Tool
Storytelling is
a powerful pedagogical tool. Simply put,
storytelling is delivering information in an organic form. The teacher, the storyteller, and the
performer share a similar purpose: to inform, engage, and entertain their
audience. They all seek to communicate
their message in the most compelling and provocative way possible. After all, as author Gail Goodwin says,
"Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater!" Telling
a story engages the audience in a unique way. Storytelling, then, is yet
another device in the repertoire of a good teacher. It is not only a potent tool for the teacher
as a way of organizing information, but as a dynamic means for students to
express what they have learned. The magic of storytelling changes the
atmosphere in the classroom and in so doing enhances the learning
environment. Stories serve to open the
mind so that the hearer is ready to take things in. In short, stories appeal to
the heart, and, once the heart is won, the mind is open to learn!
Educational Objectives
Stories promote lively imagination on the part of
students. When students listen to a
story, they create mind pictures, make inferences and predictions, and fill in
the gaps. They in a sense become
involved in creating the story, thus forming a relationship with the
narrative. When packaged as a story, the
oral delivery of information promotes greater involvement than does written
language.
In order to appeal to different learning styles, it is
necessary to transcend the traditional presentation of fact and theory. Stories are concrete; they exemplify concepts
better than abstract, non-creative methods. Teaching storytelling also teaches
presentation, communication, and writing skills. Using storytelling as a method of instruction
and assessment supports educational objectives.
These include:
§
improving verbal
skills
§
gaining
self-confidence
§
discovering the
meaning of events
§
developing a love for
language and stories
§
encouraging higher
levels of cognitive thinking
§
gaining a more
in-depth understanding of narration
§
improving imaginative
skills
§
internalizing the
traditional structure and conventions of stories
§
improving writing
skills
§
encourage active
participation in the creation of stories
Storytelling is such an effective tool for the teacher
because it is a powerful form of communication. Both the student and the
teacher benefit from it. Students learn
from hearing stories because they pay closer attention, understand the message
more readily, and retain key points longer.
Teachers become better educators because being able to tell a story
effectively enhances the perception of the teacher as a leader. A teacher who can adeptly tell a tale reveals
an approachable, likeable, and human side to his or her personality. This helps to close the distance between the
teacher and the students by making the teacher's status less threatening.
Classroom Applications
When preparing one's notes for a class lesson, a teacher
decides how best to present the material.
Consider packaging the information in the form of a story rather than a
lecture. When deciding how to help the
students to process information, or to assess what students have learned,
consider having the students recreate the information in the form of a story
and then tell it. Here are some ways
that storytelling can be applied to the classroom setting.
§
Create a story to
illustrate new concepts or ideas.
§
Express a topic or
theme by narrating a story about it.
§
Explain historical
events by narrating them as stories.
§
Invent and tell the
story of historical figures meeting one another
or about
characters from different stories meeting.
§
Put knowledge that needs
to be assessed in a narrative form and
tell the
story to the teacher and class.
§
Take a familiar story
and retell it with characters and situations
based on
curricular material.
§
Place yourself in a
familiar story and narrate the events from your
first-person
point of view.
As a pedagogical tool, teachers should use storytelling to
explore cultural diversity, to survey storytelling methods, to discover a
variety of ways to create stories, to integrate the curriculum, to foster
imagination, and to investigate the power of narrative. Stories go beyond the mere presentation of
facts; instead, they involve the students by engaging the imagination and
promoting conceptual connections to the information being presented.
Keith
Caldwell, M. Ed.
23 May 2012
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